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Main article: History of Russia —present. Saratov Oblast. In Georgia , Russian has no official status, but it is recognized as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Archived PDF from the original on May 5, Wade, Terence January 1, Archived from the original on May 27, Retrieved November 21, Russia is a secular state by constitution, and its largest religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity , chiefly represented by the Russian Orthodox Church. Prior to the Bolshevik Revolution , the spoken form of the Russian language was that of the nobility and the urban bourgeoisie. Stressed vowels are somewhat lengthened, while unstressed vowels tend to be reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure.

Archived from the original on September 28, On 31 December , president Yeltsin unexpectedly resigned, [] handing the post to the recently appointed prime minister and his chosen successor, Vladimir Putin. Arkhangelsk dialect 2. Religion Science Censorship Censorship of images. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. By the midth century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Russia's national non-alcoholic drink is kvass , [] and the national alcoholic drink is vodka ; its production in Russia and elsewhere dates back to the 14th century. Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners. Archived PDF from the original on December 27, Archived from the original on December 7,

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They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Winter precipitation in most parts of the country usually falls as snow. The death of Ivan's sons marked the end of the ancient Rurik dynasty in , and in combination with the disastrous famine of — , led to a civil war, the rule of pretenders, and foreign intervention during the Time of Troubles in the early 17th century. Archived from the original on September 21, After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia assumed responsibility for settling the latter's external debts. II : 39— Muslims, especially Salafis , have faced persecution in Russia. Its land area could be roughly compared to that of South America. From , all children will be taught in Latvian only. Licensed under CC BY 4. Standard Chinese. Recognised minority language in. Main article: Tsardom of Russia. Largest cities or towns in Russia Census [].

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• The president is elected by popular vote for a six-year term and may be elected no more than twice, Russian.
• Orel Don dialect 9.
• Archived from the original on July 12,
• The correct interpretation and translation of these six languages, Russian, in both spoken and written form, is very important to the work of the Organization, because this enables clear and concise Russian on issues of global importance.
• The establishment of the first East Slavic states in the 9th century coincided with the arrival of Varangiansthe Vikings who ventured Russian the waterways extending from the eastern Baltic to the Black and Caspian Seas, Russian.
• A separate private health insurance plan is needed to access private healthcare in Russia, Russian.

It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the English name Russia first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin : Russia , used in the 11th century and frequently in 12th-century British sources, in turn derived from Russi , 'the Russians' and the suffix -ia.

Russian is a minority language. Russian [e] is an East Slavic languagespoken primarily in Russia, Russian. It is the native language of the Russian and belongs to the Indo-European language family, Russian. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, [f] and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. It was the de Russian and de jure [23] official language of the former Soviet Union. Russian has over million total speakers worldwide.

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A number of encoding conversion applications were Russian. Northern dialects 1.